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MacBeth is Responsible for His Downfall Essay - 690 Words

MacBeth is Responsible for His Downfall There were many wrongs committed in MacBeth. But who should bear the major responsibility for these actions? The witches prophesising? Lady MacBeths scheming and persuasion? Or should MacBeth himself be held responsible? No doubt the witches and lady MacBeth influenced MacBeth in the course of action he took in his rise to power, but ultimately he must bear the major responsibility for his fate. The witches played an undoubtedly large role in MacBeth, being the instigators of the entire plot. In act one scene three, the witches say: `all hail, MacBeth! Hail to thee, thane of cawdor! ... All hail, MacBeth, that shalt be king hereafter! (Line 47-50) these prophecies†¦show more content†¦However, it cannot be said that it was their aim for him to murder king Duncan, as they never once mention murdering the noble king. The three apparitions are another example of the witches influence on MacBeth. In act four scene one, MacBeth sees the 3 apparitions conjured by the witches. These lead him into a false sense of security, saying he will rule Scotland until Birnam forest marches to Dunsinane, and that no man born of a woman can harm him. MacBeth is also told to be wary of Macduff. MacBeth interprets the ghosts tidings his own way: feeling invincible and murdering Macduffs family as a punishment for his supposed treachery. Lady MacBeth also had a major part in the wrongs committed by MacBeth. It could easily be said that her role was more direct than the witches in that she actually told MacBeth to murder Duncan, and furthermore even convinced him against his own will to do it. It could be said lady MacBeth was behind the entire plot. In act one scene five, lady MacBeth begins scheming when she hears about MacBeths elevation to the title of thane of Cawdor. She says her husbands nature is `too full of the milk of human kindness to realize his ambition. Lady MacBeth lays out a cunning plan to murder king Duncan when he arrives to stay at their castle. In act one scene seven, MacBeth hasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Macbeth Was Responsible For His Own Downfall1567 Words   |  7 Pages Macbeth is the driving force behind Macbeth’s downfall Lady Macbeth? The driving force behind Macbeth’s downfall? Certainly not. Macbeth was completely and solely responsible for all the acts of great evil which were to lead to his downfall, and to even suggest the blame can be shifted on his wife is ludicrous. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;From his very first meeting with the witches, Macbeth’s mind became instantly plagued with thoughts of murder and treachery. The guilty start that BanquoRead MoreEssay on Macbeth Was Responsible for His Own Downfall1577 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth is the driving force behind Macbeths downfall Lady Macbeth? The driving force behind Macbeths downfall? Certainly not. Macbeth was completely and solely responsible for all the acts of great evil which were to lead to his downfall, and to even suggest the blame can be shifted on his wife is ludicrous. From his very first meeting with the witches, Macbeths mind became instantly plagued with thoughts of murder and treachery. The guilty start that Banquo noticed: Read MoreMacbeth- Text Responce918 Words   |  4 PagesPrompt: â€Å"Macbeth is totally responsible for his own downfall† Shakespeare’s play ‘Macbeth’ is about the leading male protagonist succumbing to his ambition and need for power. Though Macbeth is liable for his own actions, he is not solely responsible for the events that eventually result in his downfall. Macbeth is corrupted by his wife, Lady Macbeth, as well as the three weird sisters. Macbeth’s contribution towards his downfall is his strong ambitious nature. Lady Macbeth is the person who inducesRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several factors contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† co nsist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreLady Macbeth Is Responsible for the Fall of Macbeth899 Words   |  4 PagesLady Macbeth is responsible for the fall of her husband It can be said that Lady Macbeth is responsible for the fall of Macbeth. I believe that she was partly responsible for this. I believe that two sets of people are responsible for the fall of Macbeth.. Secondly I believe that Lady Macbeth is responsible for his fall. She urges him to kill Duncan questioning his manly-hood and saying that he was too kind. Finally I believe that the witches played a huge part in the fall of Macbeth. The witchesRead MoreCauses of Macbeths Downfall1445 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causes of Macbeths Downfall – Essay By Jordan Koorey Shakespeare’s Macbeth, based on a play written in 1605 explores the life journey of Macbeth as he climbs the ladder of the social hierarchy. Determined to become King, Macbeth will kill any and all that get in his way. Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument toRead MoreWitches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall1490 Words   |  6 PagesWitches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth shows the downfall of a wrongfully crowned king. But his downfall is not solely due to himself. There are other characters in the play that are part of his downfall. If it weren’t for them, the play would not work. They are part of a chain, one leading to another. The play would not have ended in the same manner, even if one of these characters hadn’t played their partRead MoreMacbeth was doomed by fate or by a flaw in his character.847 Words   |  3 Pagesplay Macbeth by William Shakespeare, it is very controversial whether or not Macbeth was doomed by fate or by a flaw in his character. It could be argued that Macbeth was doomed both by fate and by a flaw in his character. 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However, Macbeth was influenced by the supernatural witches and by the strict pressure of his wife, LadyRead More The Cause of Macbeths Destruction in William Shakespeares Macbeth1062 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth      Ã‚   In William Shakespeares Macbeth, Macbeth was a well-respected man of noble birth, but his fortune was reversed after he turned to darkness. He plummeted endlessly into a chasm of evil until his corrupt life was ended on the edge of Macduffs blade. Whose actions opened up the path of darkness to Macbeth? Whose actions led to Macbeths demise? The answer is threefold. The weird sisters set Macbeths fate into motion. Lady Macbeth goaded her husband towards

Age of Acquisition Free Essays

Abstract Preferences of many people are usually shaped and determined by several factors. Studies on effect on exposure of a given item cause an increase in liking to the given item or preferences, but studies using novelty preference have shown a different set of results (Barry and Johnston 2006: 123). Repeated stimulus affect image category whether novelty or familiarity preference emerges. We will write a custom essay sample on Age of Acquisition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Faces were found to elicit familiarity preference. In the present AOA study, preference judgments evolved in all the exposures. We therefore adopted the paradigm that objective judgment or passive exposure task contexts leads to varied results. The results indicated that segregation of the given preference biases across various objects. Preference for familiar faces is also determined by the age at which they are exposed to the image of picture. The paper has thus discussed all the possible mechanisms underlying preferences. Introduction Our preferences are influenced by experience in several ways. Our preferences lean towards that which we have not experienced in life (Smith et al. 2006: 592). Barry and Johnston (2006: 124) reiterate that people make preferences due to their extensive experience with the given items like familiar faces and scientific research has identified and investigated these trends. Generally, familiar objects are preferred than novel or new objects. The results in the present experiment may have varied because the data was obtained from different categories of personalities, subjects and paradigms. According to Smith et al. (2012: 209) the two bases of familiarity, novelty and preference elicit varied reaction across different categories of objects. The participants rated their preference based on the age of the acquired face and familiarity of the face. In a given sub-block one picture was shown in each of the trials thus became familiar. The other image was new in each of the trials so it wa s novel. The pictures of the same personality at different ages were also shown in a novel manner. The experiment tested three different types of pictures: familiar faces, early versus late acquired faces and a control tool. The respondents preferred repeated faces in the face stimuli as the experiment progressed. For the personality scenes, the new faces became preferred against the old faces. The control tool had no strong preference as bias was universal in either direction. In the study by Moore et al. (2004: 423), the findings showed that familiarity and novelty preference between the personality faces replicated across various conditions as opposed to this study which had inconsistent results especially on the novel preference. This implies that repeated stimulus ought to have increased rather than decreased. The study thus cannot explain the cause of the inconsistency based on the type of stimulus as there is existence of a wide range of exposure on varied stimulus like words and photographs. The effects of exposure on the desired preference may be altered by performing a desired judgment on every presentation (Moore and Valentine 1998: 490). Moore et al (2004: 422) states that explicit evaluation is possible in the performed task in the trial which may lead to a stronger habituation as compared to repeated stimuli which leads to novelty preference for the early acquired faces of the personalities. This therefore streams the hypothesis for the reaction time that familiarity preferences rely on automatic processing while novelty preferences demand a controlled cognitive processing (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 172). The present study was controlled by one major hypothesis: different kinds of tasks may lead to varied types of memory processing which can cause different effects on familiarity and novelty preferences. The present study relied on familiarity and novelty as its dependent variable while geometric pictures were used as the control tool in the study. The main objectiv e of the present study was to examine the reaction time to face processing as a familiarity decision (Smith et al. 2012: 205). The independent variable of the study was to examine the extent at which segregation for novel and familiar faces can be formed due to exposure. Methods Participants 115 adults, who included both the graduates and undergraduate students, from London South Bank University took part in the study. All the respondents were not acquainted with knowledge about the purpose of this study. Out of 115 participants only 114 respondents turned up for the study. The study had 66.7% female respondents with 33.3% male. The participants had mean age error of .807 with a Standard Deviation of 8.658. The study comprised both UK and International students. The London South Bank University committee for protecting human subjects confirmed and approved this experiment. Later, all the participants were given an informed consent. Stimuli The present AoA study used IBM Compatible computers using Superlabs (Cedius Corporation) software which helped in storing the raw data (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 169). The experiment opted to incorporate a 20-inch LaCie monitor was controlled by a Dell computer. The experiment used a similar attractiveness pre-testing data and visual stimuli like that used by Moore et al. (2004: 431). The experiment used three categories of pictures: 10 early-acquired famous people pictures, 10 late-acquired famous people pictures and 20 unfamiliar pictures like geometric figures. Geometric elicit little choice bias thus was preferred in this experiment as a control tool. The faces of the personalities were generated by use of FaceGen into four major sub-categories based on the race (Barry and Johnston 2006: 90). The software categorized the faces into African, European, Asian and Indian with two distinct gender relations that is; male and female and further into young and old categories. The pictures of the personalities were black and white photos collected from various online sources. The pictures were divided into eight subcategories: footballers, politicians, show biz, comedians, religious leaders, celebrities, actors and actress and journalists. MathWorks Inc., a Matlab program generated the Geometric figures into Fourier descriptors which came up with four categories with properties such as simple versus complex and symmetry versus asymmetry (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 178). The AoA experiment categorized the geometric figures into eight distinct categories. In each of the subcategory of images, there were 20 pictures and the picture that had the median attractiveness rating was chosen as the ‘old’ picture. The experiment used this scheme to avoid introducing unwanted bias in the familiar or novel stimuli. Design The present AoA study sought a within-subject design. This is due to the fact that similar subjects, such as early-acquired and late acquired pictures, were used. Furthermore, the experiment comprised two major phases: a preference judgment phase and an experienced phase. The preference judgment phase consisted of 10 trials in each category and 20 trials for all the categories. Each of the preference judgment had eight subcategories while the experience phase had 20 trials with eight subcategories (Moore et al 2004: 427). The categories of pictures were run in each of the phases and blocks were assigned to each participant in the experiment. 8 subcategories were later run in each of the given blocks. Out of the 20 available subcategories of the faces assigned to each of the participants, 10 faces emerged from the participant’s race. All 8 subcategories were used in the geometric figures. In the blocks, the order of each subcategory was randomized. Procedure The participants viewed the pictures in the experience phase with an unlimited and self-paced viewing time frame for each of the trials. The participants were encouraged to take glances on each of the shown pictures. The participants were encouraged to be serious to the given stimuli as they were provided with a questionnaire which had Yes/No answer. However, the participants were not aware of the judgment phase until after the experiment. The participants were requested to make a relative judgment on the given pairs of pictures. The experiment used a 7-point scale where respondents were asked made their verdict with a rating of 1-3 on the left and a rating of -1 to -3 on the right. Zero point indicated no response on the given set of picture (Barry and Johnston 2006: 203). The participants were shown pictures sized 256?256 randomly. Two sets of pictures, that is old versus new were shown side by side. The pictures were randomly shown on either left or right in a random manner. The central point of each picture was located at 10Â ° of the given visual angle. Face pictures were located at 12Â ° ? 12Â ° with geometry pictures shown at 17Â ° ? 12Â °. Later a response indicator frame of 36Â °? 1.5Â ° was located below the central point at 12.7Â ° in the response phase. The movement of the indicator from 1-3 in either direction indicated a relative preference rating (Moore and Valentine 1998: 507). Results The present study recorded a positive preference rating; the repeated ‘old’ picture was preferred as than the repeated ‘new’ picture. We analyzed the rating of the first preference rating of the sub-blocks. The mean Reaction Time to the early-acquired faces was 887.13 and recorded a Standard Deviation (SD) of 244.691. The present study recorded a mean Reaction Time (RT) to the late-acquired celebrities of 963.28 and a Standard Deviation of 283.463. More so, the present study recorded a mean RT to unfamiliar faces of 1021.18 and SD of 276.448. A repeated mean measure of the faces against the image category revealed a huge significant difference among the three image categories. To evaluate if there was a significant choice bias towards the novel or familiar pictures, we tested the sign test for the two entries. The results indicated a negative z-score for the mean RT to late-acquired faces against the mean RT to early-acquired faces of -5.782. The sign test f or the two categories indicated a significant value of .000. The results indicated that familiar celebrities’ faces were significantly preferred with mean RT to late-acquired faces showing a negative difference of 26 which implies that mean RT to late-acquired faces is less than the mean RT to early acquired faces. The present study indicated zero frequency between the mean RT to late-acquired faces and the mean RT to early-acquired faces. Discussion The above results showed preference for the familiar celebrities faces with no preference bias towards novelty or familiarity. There was no preference over control tool (geometric figures) after the 20 repetitions to each ‘old’ picture. Recent studies indicate that natural/control tool is inconsistent with exposure effect where repeated pictures were preferred (Moore and Valentine 1998: 510). The present study sought to explain why there was no exposure effect for the control tool/geometric figures. This can arise due to the way the stimuli were presented. The present study presented the images side-by-side while Barry Johnston (2006: 80) state that in the mere exposure effect, one picture is presented at a time. In a study by Smith et al (2012: 209), there was no novelty preference bias in the control tool and development of a novelty preference for the control tool requires a detailed performance of preference judgment during exposure. The present study omitted the preference task but instead used 20 trials which failed to elicit a significant preference bias (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 178). The results in the present study suggested that familiarity preference can be induced by passive perceptual exposure but for novelty preference to occur there must be some certain level of selection or processing. This implies that task-context of different experience has varied preferences which ought to be accounted for to help understand other novelty and familiarity mechanisms. From the present study, it is evident that differences between novelty preference for control tool and familiarity preference may be avoided through omitting the object categories and the task-context experience (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 171). Similar study with same variables ought to be carried out in the presence of financial or commercial relationship and measure its effect on the results. Bibliography Barry, C. and Johnston, R. A. (2006).Age of Acquisition Effects in Word and Object Processing. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press. Moore, V. and Valentine, T. (1998). The Effect of Age of Acquisition on Speed and Accuracy of Naming Famous Faces. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51A (3), 485-513. Moore, V., Smith-Spark, J. H. and Valentine, T. (2004). The Effects of Age of Acquisition onObject Perception. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16(3), 417-439. Morrison, C. M. and Ellis, A. W. (2000). Real Age of Acquisition Effects in Word Naming and Lexical Decision. British Journal of Psychology, 91, 167-180. Smith-Spark, J. H., Moore, V. and Valentine, T. (2012). Long-Term Age of Acquisition Effects in Famous Name Processing. ActaPsychologica, 139, 202-211. Smith-Spark, J. H., Moore, V., Valentine, T. and Sherman, S. M. (2006). Stimulus Generation, Ratings, Phoneme Counts, and Group Classifications for 696 Famous People by British Adults Aged over 40 Years. Behavior Research Methods, 38(4), 590-597. How to cite Age of Acquisition, Essay examples

Harvard Business School free essay sample

The culprit is usually the toocasual interview. Filled with informal banter and less-than-incisive questions, such conversations practically invite candidates to give canned responses. To avoid this problem you have to question candidates about their experiences in thought-provoking and unexpected ways. After all, says Clinton, Mass. based coach Jeffry Mead, the best predictor of future performance is past behavior. colleagues review each candidate’s resume and drum up a handful of questions. For example: â€Å"You’ve been asked a question by a client on a product that you don’t support, and it’s after-hours on Friday. Where do you find the answer? † Explains Brawitsch: â€Å"We like and inquire about the candidate’s ability to learn. For example: â€Å"Tell me about a time when you were in over your head on a project. How did you handle it? † But be forewarned: the word about behavior-based interviewing is out. College career centers, MBA placement services, and dozens of Web sites offer advice on how to answer such questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Harvard Business School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unfortunately, the more some candidates prepare for an interview, the more they are tempted to embellish the truth. Training magazine recently reported that of the six MBAs a major consulting ? rm called for second-round interviews, three tried to demonstrate their initiative by telling the same story about leading a fund-raising project at their business school. â€Å"The firm called the school and learned that none of the three was even on the fund-raising committee,† the article stated. So how can you get beneath the surface of an answer that seems a little too soigne or a claim that stretches credulity? Get more creative with your questions. â€Å"Tell me about a time when you faced a challenge† just won’t cut it anymore. Drill down for details about how the candidate handled a particular situation. â€Å"If someone says they’ve worked with Windows NT, for example, we’ll narrow it down to just Windows NT questions,† says Brawitsch. â€Å"If they don’t know what they’re talking about, they’ll give us wrong answers. If they’re honest and they don’t know the answer, they’ll say, ‘I really haven’t explored that area of NT yet. ’† Ask de? nitional questions that test a candidate’s knowledge of a speci? c topic. But respect the distinction between inquiry and interrogation. A common mistake is to pass judgment too quickly. If you hear something you don’t like, â€Å"use that intuition to craft a better, more delving question,† Mead advises. â€Å"Be quick to notice and slow to judge. † I Behavior-Based Interview Questions—Some Samples Describe a time when you made a poor decision on the job. How did you handle it? Tell me about a time when you took charge as a leader in a work situation without being formally assigned to that role by your boss. Give an example of a time when you conformed to a policy with which you did not agree. Tell me about a time when you broke the rules. Long before a candidate comes in for an interview, carefully observe employees in your organization who excel in the role you’re looking to ? ll. Identify their key behaviors, and then use those behaviors to craft questions that draw out a candidate’s relevant experiences. But concentrate on past behaviors, not attitudes. The worst thing you can do is ask managers to pretend they’re psychologists,† behavior-based hiring authority Bill Byham told Fast Company. â€Å"You want to take the interpretation out of it. † Steve Brawitsch, a senior manager at Hyperion Solutions in Stamford, Conn. , uses behavior-based questioning to hire all of his technical support managers. â€Å"We try to ? nd out what life will be like working with a candidate on a daily basis,† he says. â€Å"We spend a lot of time in the of? ce and we have to feel comfortable with our coworkers. † Before each interview, Brawitsch and a team of to hear that they’ve been creative. Maybe they found the answer somewhere on the Internet. Maybe they called someone at home, if necessary. † But if the candidate says he waited until Monday, â€Å"that’s not what we want to hear. † As you inquire about candidates’ experiences, sooner or later you’ll get the â€Å"I’ve never done that† response. When that happens, â€Å"you’ve learned something very important about the candidate,† Mead declares. â€Å"You’ve learned not that she can’t do it, but that if you were to hire her, she’ll be doing a lot of her tasks for the ? rst time. † Ask yourself if that’s a scenario you can live with.